Resources
Explore our comprehensive parenteral nutrition (PN) resources.
Reference Library
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Agostoni C. Role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the first year of life. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;47 Suppl 2:S41-44.
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Antébi H, et al. Liver function and plasma antioxidant status in intensive care unit patients requiring total parenteral nutrition: comparison of 2 fat emulsions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2004;28(3):142-148.z
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Bach AC, et al. Medium-chain triglycerides: an update. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;36(5):950-962.
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Biesalski HK. Vitamin E requirements in parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(5 Suppl):S92-S104.
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Bistrian B. Clinical aspects of essential fatty acid metabolism: Jonathan Rhoads Lecture. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2003;27(3):168-175.
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Burrin DG, et al. Impact of new-generation lipid emulsions on cellular mechanisms of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. Adv Nutr. 2014;5(1):82-91.
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Cahova M, et al. Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease: The Role of the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients. 2017;9(9).
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Cetin I, Koletzko B. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acid supply in pregnancy and lactation. CurrOpinClin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11(3):297-302.
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Deckelbaum RJ, et al. Medium-chain versus long-chain triacylglycerol emulsion hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase: implications for the mechanisms of lipase action. Biochemistry (Mosc). 1990;29(5):1136-1142.
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Grimm H, et al. Improved fatty acid and leukotriene pattern with a novel lipid emulsion in surgical patients. Eur J Nutr. 2006;45(1):55-60.
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Gupta K, Wang H, Amin SB. Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Cholestasis in Premature Infants: Role of Macronutrients. JPEN Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2016;40(3):335-341.
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Harvey K, et al. Lipids. 2014;49:777-793.
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Heyland DK, et al. Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines 2013 and 2015. Critical Care Nutrition website. www.criticalcarenutrition. com. Accessed December 18, 2015.
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Hojsak I, et al. & the ESPGHAN, Committee on Nutrition. Intravenous Lipid Emulsions and Risk of Hepatotoxicity in Infants and Children: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JPGN 2016;62(5) 776.
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Kalish BT, Fallon EM, Puder M. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36:380-8.
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Klek S, et al. Four-week parenteral nutrition using a third generation lipid emulsion (SMOFlipid): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre study in adults. Clin Nutr. 2013;32(2):224-231.
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Lapillonne A FMN, Goulet O, van den Akker C, Wu J, Koletzko B. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR Guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Lipids. Clinical Nutrition, 2018.
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Lapillonne A, Groh-Wargo S, Gonzalez CH, Uauy R. Lipid needs of preterm infants: updated recommendations. J Pediatr. 2013;162(3 Suppl): S37-47.
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Lauriti G, Zani A, Aufieri R, et al. Incidence, prevention, and treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis and intestinal failure-associated liver disease in infants and children: a systematic review. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014;38(1)
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Ma CJ, et al. A double-blind randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of a composite vs a conventional intravenous fat emulsion in postsurgical gastrointestinal tumor patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27(3):410-415.
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McClave SA, et al. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parent
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Mertes N, et al. Safety and efficacy of a new parenteral lipid emulsion (SMOFlipid) in surgical patients: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(3):253-259.
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Rangel ST, et al. Parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis: an American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Clinical Trials Committee systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2012;47:225–240.
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Singer P, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: intensive care. Clin Nutr. 2009;28(4):387-400.
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Tillman E, et al. Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Treatment of Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease: A Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2011;16(1):31-38.
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Vanek VW, et al. A.S.P.E.N. position paper: Clinical role for alternative intravenous fat emulsions. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27(2):150-192.
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Weimann A, et al. ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. Clin Nutr. 2017;36:632-650.
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Wu MH, et al. Randomized clinical trial of new intravenous lipid (SMOFlipid 20%) versus medium-chain triglycerides/long-chain triglycerides in adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014;38(7):800-808.
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Xu Z, et al. Nutrients. 2012;4:904-921.